The Oxford Companion to the English Language is missing an “s” at the end of its title. OCEL has headings for over 400 varieties of our multitudinous mother tongues, such as Australian English, Singaporean English, Indian English and Black Vernacular English. Some varieties I’ve never even heard of. Babu English, for one, is described in the OCEL as “a mode of address and reference in several Indo-Aryan languages, including Hindi, for officials working for rajahs, landlords, etc.”
Canadian English is actually one of those mutants listed in OCEL. To illustrate the particulars, I’ve concocted the following paragraph, which consists of many words and terms found in the OED that might only be understood by Canadians:
“The party was attended by rubbies sporting Molson muscles drinking mickeys and Bloody Caesars. The food eaten by the hosers consisted of tourtieres and Nanaimo bars, along with poutine mostly uneaten and chucked down the garburator.”
Some explanation may be in order. Rubby is defined in the OED as “an alcoholic who drinks an improvised intoxicant, such as rubbing alcohol.” Molson muscles is a jocular term for a paunch, mickey is defined as “chiefly Canadian, a small bottle of libation holding 3.75 ml,” and a Bloody Caesar is a drink, virtually unknown outside of Canada, that was invented in Calgary in 1969. A hoser refers to a stupid, unsophisticated person and the term was popularized by the fictional McKenzie brothers in their skit Great White North on SCTV. Surprisingly, poutine only made it into the OED in 2006; Nanaimo bar originated in Nanaimo, BC, in the 1950s. It is defined as a “dessert consisting of a base made from a mixture of crushed biscuits and covered with a vanilla buttercream filling and a chocolate glaze, served cut in squares.” A garburator is a waste disposal unit found underneath a sink. The OED adds that “the form Garberator is a proprietary name in Canada.”
The OED informs us that certain words take on distinct senses in Canada. Not surprisingly, bilingualism means more than speaking two languages and refers to the government that promotes the use of French and English throughout large segments of the population. Acclamation also acquires a distinct Canadian sense when it is used to mean an election to an assembly without opposition or by unanimous or overwhelming support. Even adjectives can be Canadianized, as is the case of impaired when it refers to improper driving caused by alcohol or narcotics.
If you spend any amount of time with Americans, you’re likely to be notified that part of your lexicon is composed of quaint Canadianisms. For example, when an American is nauseous, she won’t reach for Gravol but for Dramamin. And while Javex (chlorine bleach) and Varsol (mineral spirits) may be Canadian household items, an American will have no idea what these brand names mean.
The OED extends this point by listing the terms block heater and power bar as “chiefly Canadian.” In Canada, it is clear that a power bar refers to an electrical cord containing a number of outlets, whereas in the US, the OED informs us it could mean a proprietary name for a type of snack food and in the past to a tread on a tractor tire.
The term blue box originated in Canada referring to the blue plastic box used for the collection of recyclable household items in many Canadian municipalities. Its first citation in 1983 comes from the Toronto Star, but it seems to have spread overseas as there is a 2010 citation from the Birmingham Evening Mail. Also, I was not aware that the term crowd-surfing originated in Canada. The OED defines it as “the action of lying flat while being passed over the heads of members at a rock concert, typically from jumping into the audience from the stage.” Its first citation occurs in the Globe and Mail in 1989, but by 2002 we find its use in the New York Times.
I suspect that there are few people who are aware that muffin before the Tim Horton era had a distinct Canadian sense. The OED defines it as “a young woman ... who regularly partners a particular man during a social season.” The first citation in 1854 states “I had a charming muffin yesterday. She is engaged to be married, so don’t be alarmed.” The term is now archaic, with its last citation originating in 1965.
I was perplexed as to why the OED includes the term pocket rocket, which is defined as “a nickname for a small person regarded as a very fast or energetic person (originally a nickname given to Canadian hockey player Henri Richard).” Surprisingly, this term isn’t considered worthy of inclusion in the Canadian Oxford Dictionary, which has a far larger collection of Canadian terms. On the other hand, the OED does not contain these jewels of Canadiana: all-dressed, smoked meat and shit-disturber, but worry not as I have appealed for their inclusion.
Howard Richler’s book Word Play: Arranged & Deranged Wit will be published in spring 2016.
Canadian English is actually one of those mutants listed in OCEL. To illustrate the particulars, I’ve concocted the following paragraph, which consists of many words and terms found in the OED that might only be understood by Canadians:
“The party was attended by rubbies sporting Molson muscles drinking mickeys and Bloody Caesars. The food eaten by the hosers consisted of tourtieres and Nanaimo bars, along with poutine mostly uneaten and chucked down the garburator.”
Some explanation may be in order. Rubby is defined in the OED as “an alcoholic who drinks an improvised intoxicant, such as rubbing alcohol.” Molson muscles is a jocular term for a paunch, mickey is defined as “chiefly Canadian, a small bottle of libation holding 3.75 ml,” and a Bloody Caesar is a drink, virtually unknown outside of Canada, that was invented in Calgary in 1969. A hoser refers to a stupid, unsophisticated person and the term was popularized by the fictional McKenzie brothers in their skit Great White North on SCTV. Surprisingly, poutine only made it into the OED in 2006; Nanaimo bar originated in Nanaimo, BC, in the 1950s. It is defined as a “dessert consisting of a base made from a mixture of crushed biscuits and covered with a vanilla buttercream filling and a chocolate glaze, served cut in squares.” A garburator is a waste disposal unit found underneath a sink. The OED adds that “the form Garberator is a proprietary name in Canada.”
The OED informs us that certain words take on distinct senses in Canada. Not surprisingly, bilingualism means more than speaking two languages and refers to the government that promotes the use of French and English throughout large segments of the population. Acclamation also acquires a distinct Canadian sense when it is used to mean an election to an assembly without opposition or by unanimous or overwhelming support. Even adjectives can be Canadianized, as is the case of impaired when it refers to improper driving caused by alcohol or narcotics.
If you spend any amount of time with Americans, you’re likely to be notified that part of your lexicon is composed of quaint Canadianisms. For example, when an American is nauseous, she won’t reach for Gravol but for Dramamin. And while Javex (chlorine bleach) and Varsol (mineral spirits) may be Canadian household items, an American will have no idea what these brand names mean.
The OED extends this point by listing the terms block heater and power bar as “chiefly Canadian.” In Canada, it is clear that a power bar refers to an electrical cord containing a number of outlets, whereas in the US, the OED informs us it could mean a proprietary name for a type of snack food and in the past to a tread on a tractor tire.
The term blue box originated in Canada referring to the blue plastic box used for the collection of recyclable household items in many Canadian municipalities. Its first citation in 1983 comes from the Toronto Star, but it seems to have spread overseas as there is a 2010 citation from the Birmingham Evening Mail. Also, I was not aware that the term crowd-surfing originated in Canada. The OED defines it as “the action of lying flat while being passed over the heads of members at a rock concert, typically from jumping into the audience from the stage.” Its first citation occurs in the Globe and Mail in 1989, but by 2002 we find its use in the New York Times.
I suspect that there are few people who are aware that muffin before the Tim Horton era had a distinct Canadian sense. The OED defines it as “a young woman ... who regularly partners a particular man during a social season.” The first citation in 1854 states “I had a charming muffin yesterday. She is engaged to be married, so don’t be alarmed.” The term is now archaic, with its last citation originating in 1965.
I was perplexed as to why the OED includes the term pocket rocket, which is defined as “a nickname for a small person regarded as a very fast or energetic person (originally a nickname given to Canadian hockey player Henri Richard).” Surprisingly, this term isn’t considered worthy of inclusion in the Canadian Oxford Dictionary, which has a far larger collection of Canadian terms. On the other hand, the OED does not contain these jewels of Canadiana: all-dressed, smoked meat and shit-disturber, but worry not as I have appealed for their inclusion.
Howard Richler’s book Word Play: Arranged & Deranged Wit will be published in spring 2016.
